someone take me to high heel school!

hi everyone! i am a young woman who has been trying to translate my style into a more mature and chic version of itself. i also was recently invited to my first black tie wedding, so naturally i have to find an outfit. i ended up landing on the dress pictured above. anyway, next step is to obviously pick the shoe. that's when i realized... i don't know anything about high heels!!! i've been wearing vans and converse this whole time.

so i'm wondering, with so many different kinds, how do you know what kind of high heels go (or don't go) with what clothes/outfit? how do you know what occasion they are for (or not for)? what heels would go well with the dress i picked (something edgy and chic but still formal)? and what are your tips and tricks for picking/wearing heels? anything you've got, throw it at me! i'd love some experienced advice.

thank you all for any help and have a wonderful day!!! :)